Measurement of time in ancient India – Part 2

Introduction

Measurement of time by ancient Indians is precise and accurate. From micro to macro, events are measured and recorded. The time units and subunits are defined in Vedas. For many centuries, these measurements were followed.

In the present world of analog and digital watches, time is just a measurement. But for Indians, it means more. Using Vedic mathematics they recorded many great incidents. To mention a few, the time of birth of incarnations of Gods like Krishna, Rama, the time and duration of Mahabharata war and beginning of Kali yuga.
Time 
The art of measuring times involves in measuring the smallest and largest period with the same technique. In part 1 we had seen measurement of Truti which is 0.30 µs
In this part we get introduced to the largest measurement units.
Maha Kalpa
Maha-Kalpa or Maha-Pralaya equals 311,040,000,000,000 years
Kalpa is derived from Sanskrit indicating a long duration period

Pralaya
Parārdha is 1⁄2 Mahā-kalpa equals to 155,520,000,000,000 years
Pralaya, is indicate of destruction. Two parts of it are: Srishti and Sthiti.

Kalpa
Kalpa / Pralaya equals to 4,320,000,000 years
Manvantara is equal to 306,720,000 years
Manvantara is a creation of Brahma, it is told that are are 14 Manus, the present one is 7th in order.
Four Yugas
1) Krita Yuga is 1,728,000 years
The Satya Yuga is first of all the four yugas, it is told that people followed dharma and it prevelaed in every form.

2) Treta Yuga is 1,296,000 years
In Treta Yuga incarnations of God is seen  as Parashurama and Rama.

3) The Dvapara Yuga, Hindus believe thet this yuga ended when Krishna reached Vaikunta

4) Kali Yuga is 432,000 years
The present yuga is kali whic is deemed to be a demon.

Time dilation

Pitri refer to forefathers, Deva  refer to gods), Manu refer to progenitors of mankind, and of Brahma refer to creator god

Brahma year is 3,110,400,000,000 years

• 1 day (12 hrs: Kalpa) of Brahma = 4.32 billion solar years  
• 1 Day (24 hrs: Kalpa + Pralaya) of Brahma = 8.64 billion solar years
• 30 Days (1 month) of Brahma = 259.2 billion solar years
• 12 months (1 year) of Brahma = 3.1104 trillion solar years
• 50 years (Parārdha) of Brahma = 155.52 trillion solar years
• 100 years (lifespan: 2 Parārdha) of Brahma = 311.04 trillion solar years

Manu year is 3,067,200 years

• 1 day of Manu = 8,520 solar years
• 30 days (1 month) of Manu = 255,600 solar years
• 12 months (1 year) of Manu = 3,067,200 solar years
• 100 years (lifespan) of Manu = 306,720,000 solar years

Deva year is 360 years

• 1 day of Devas = 1 solar year
• 30 days (1 month) of Devas = 30 solar years (1 year of pitras)
• 12 months (1 year) of Devas = 360 solar years
• 100 years (lifespan) of Devas = 36,000 solar years 

Pitri year is 36 years 

•  1 day of Pitris = 1 solar month (masa)
• 30 days (1 month) of Pitris = 30 solar months (2.5 solar years)
• 12 months (1 year) of Pitris = 30 solar years (1 month of Devas)
• 100 years (lifespan) of Pitris = 3,000 solar years 

TEN incarnations of GOD

1)Matysa 2) Kurma  3) Varaha 4) Narasimha all four avataras are in Krita (Sathya) Yuga

5) Vamana 6) Parasurama 7) Rama all these three incarnations happened in Treta Yuga

8) Krisna in dvapara yoga

9) Buddha  and 10) Kalki in kali yuga

The purana`s describe incarnation of GOD Vishnu that come during specific yugas, but may not occur in every Yuga Cycle.

Rama appears at the end of Treta Yuga. According to Vayu Purana and Matsya Purana, Rama appeared in the 24th Yuga Cycle. According to the Padma Purana, Rama also appeared in the 27th Yuga Cycle of the 6th Manvantara. 

Krisna`s departure marked the end of Dvapara Yuga and the start of Kali Yuga according to Puranic sources. In the 28th Yuga Cycle, Krisna appeared as His original self, which only happens once in a Kalpa (day of Brahma)

Conclusion

The macroscopic measurement of time is deliberated.

Measurement of time in ancient India – Part 1