Internet of Things

Introduction

Managing device remotely using internet. In Simple way is managing the device using internet. Two different kind of things will talk or communicate with each other through internet. Let’s consider with this example you have mobile and own car. You start from office to home in that time your room temperature is below 20 °c in that time your receive the message from home your room is too hot if you want to turn on AC or not. In mobile itself turn on the AC before reach the home. Now you have one doubt How to get the room temperature data in your mobile and how to turn on the AC before reach home. In this place IoT playing major role how? Fix the temperature sensor in room, the sensor sent the temperature to mobile. Once if you receive the data based on that we can turn on / off the AC. Here AC and mobile are different device but we connect this device through internet. For understand we can see another example is you have mobile and car. When the car reach below 25% fuel the car send the information to mobile through internet. Car is communicating with the mobile phone but there is no direct communicate this devices. The car is sending the data to internet, what kind of data means current level fuel in car. Create the simple logic that if fuel is below 25% then send the notification to owner of the car. Things is talk to each other through internet, this kind of communication or sharing the data with two different device through internet is called Internet of Things (IoT).

Lot of place we implement the IoT in this world like watch connect with our body, soil monitoring in agriculture, healthcare system and so on. But you think if I connect my tooth brush with shoe laces what is the use? We won’t get anything or what problem we going to solve? No use for this kind of useless connection we need to avoid. Only create logical and useful connection in IoT that will help to solve this real-world problem. Let consider this example when you are enter in the mall before reach the door in few steps before automatically door is open anyone guess how is happen? Similarly in restroom in front of water tap if you show your hand automatically water is flowing how? Do you think in that place IoT is implemented or Not? Most probably No only because of I’m not take any count how many person is enter inside the mall, just when the person is coming to mall the door is open automatically. Suppose if I need the count how many person is coming and if all are wearing facemask are not, in this situation we’ll use IoT.

Internet of Things is an interaction between the physical and digital sensors and actuators.

IoT Architecture

            Based on the common usage of IoT we will define the 5 Layer of architecture. But we can’t say this is exact architecture for IoT because of based on the company usage or real word problems we will create the architecture different ways. But this 5 layers mostly implement in all level of architecture.

Layer 1 – Perception Layer:

            This layer will act as a physical layer from network because of physical device will use in this layer. Eg: Sensor, RFID, Sensor sense and gather the information about the environment and detect the other object from the environment.

Layer 2 – Network Layer:

            In this layer with help of physical device transfer the data between different layers through network. Eg: Wireless, 4G, LAN, and Bluetooth. In network layer security is very import because of we transfer the data from one device to another so we need to control the third person interaction in our data.

Layer 3 – Middleware Layer:

            Network layer send the huge amount of data from the device, these data’s we need to store after that only we’ll process or analysis these data. Middleware layer to store the big amount data with use of Personal Database, cloud and Big data processing models stores this information as well as process.

Layer 4 – Application Layer:

            Middleware layer analysis the data based on our problems, once analysis process is completed the result will generate from middleware layer that result we deliver to end user. In this layer we create the way of deliver method for user because of some user will use mobile app or web app or both. Based on the responsible this layer delivering application specific services to the users.

Fig – IoT Architecture

Layer 5 – Business Layer:

            On top of all of this stands your business layer, when it is working on a large scale environment a business layer usually used here.  Manage the whole IoT system, including application, business and profit models and user’s privacy.

Generally these 5 steps help to understand the layers in easy way.

1. Client

                        – Sensors/Actuators

– Micro Controller/Microprocessor [C, Python, JavaScript, etc]

– Power Supply

2. Data Transfer

– Internet – WiFi, Ethernet, Mobile Data, GSM, 2G, 3G, 4G, ZigBee, Bluetooth, LoRa

3. Security

4. Server

                        – Cloud Storage – Azure, AWS, Google Cloud

– [REST API] – Java, DotNet, PHP, Python

5. Data analytics, AI, UI (Web App/Mobile App/SMS)

These are the key layers are mostly present in all architecture in real world problems. These are the fundamental keys for different type of problems. Perception layer is gather the data from sensors as part of our system required we analysis the data before we decide to send this data with required format  to user.