The evolution of 3G, 4G, and 5G in our mobile communication systems

Wireless and remote systems have created gigantic development over the most recent fifteen years. These days infinite cell phones are equipped with a WLAN connector. In recent times the increase in the use of technology has been raised dramatically. So the number of devices which require the connection also has been increased. Therefore to be in the step of the growing world the wireless technology has also been developed and introduced the 5G.

By this, there are many advantages and there are high connectivity speed and bigger bandwidth. In the nearest future, numerous cell phones will have #WiMAX connector, other than their 4G, 3G, WLAN, and Bluetooth connectors. The 5G is the #fifth generation of the standards of the telecommunication device. It is also the global technology for mobile networking, transferring the recent 4G. (1)

3G – Third Generation:

A #3G generation set the measures for most of the wireless technology we have grown to know and love. Web browsing, video downloading, email, picture sharing, and other Smartphone technology were launched in the third generation. Introduced commercially in 2001, the aims set out for the third generation mobile communication was to promote greater voice and data capacity, promote a wider range of applications, and increase data transmission at a moderate cost. (2)

The 3G standard uses a new technology called UMTS as its center network architecture – Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. This network connects aspects of the 2G network with some new technology and protocols to produce a significantly faster data rate.

Based on a set of standards utilized for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications use services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 ( IMT-2000 ) terms by the International Telecommunication Union. One of the requirements set by IMT-2000 was that speed should be at least 200Kbps to name it as #3G service. (3)

3G has Multimedia services help along with streaming are more popular. In 3G, Universal access and portability across various device types are made possible (Telephones, PDA’s, etc.). 3G increased the efficiency of the frequency spectrum by promoting how audio is reduced during a call, so more concurrent calls can happen in the same frequency range.

The transfer rate for 3G networks is between 128 and 144 kilobits per second for devices that are driving fast, and 384 kbps for moderate ones as like walking pedestrians. For fixed wireless LANs, the speed reaches beyond 2 Mbps. The technical max speed for HSPA+ is 21.6 Mbps. (4)

Like 2G, 3G grew into 3.5G and 3.75G as more features were introduced in order to bring about 4G. A 3G phone cannot reach through a 4G network, but newer generations of phones are effectively always designed to be backward agreeable, so a 4G phone can communicate through a 3G or even 2G network.

4G – Fourth Generation:

4G is a very different technology as compared to 3G and was made feasible practically only because of the progressions in the technology in the last 10 years. Its purpose is to give high speed, high capacity and high quality to users while improving protection and lower the cost of voice and data services, multimedia and internet over IP. Potential and current applications cover amended mobile web access, gaming services, IP telephony, high-definition mobile TV, 3D television,  video conferencing and cloud computing.

The key technologies that have made this possible are MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The two important 4G standards are WiMAX (has now fizzled out) and LTE (has seen widespread deployment). LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a set of upgrades to existing UMTS technology and will be worked out on Telstra’s existing 1800MHz frequency band. (5)

The max speed of a 4G network when the device is moving is 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps for low mobility communication like when stable or walking, latency decreased from around 300ms to less than 100ms, and significantly under congestion. When 4G first became accessible, it was just a little faster than 3G. 4G is not the same as #4G LTE which is very near to meeting the standards of the criteria. To download a new game or run a TV show in HD, you can do it without buffering. (6)

As said earlier, a #4G phone can also communicate through a 3G or even 2G network. All transmitters seem to agree that OFDM is one of the chief symbols that a service can be legitimately exchanged as being 4G. OFDM is a type of digital modulation in which a signal is broken into several narrowband channels at different frequencies.

There are a notable amount of infrastructure changes needed to be executed by service providers in order to supply because voice calls in GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 are circuits switched, so with the adoption of LTE, carriers will have to re-engineer their voice call network. And again, they have the fractional parts: 4.5G and 4.9G marking the transition of LTE (in the stage called LTE-Advanced Pro) getting more MIMO, more D2D on the way to IMT-2020 and the requirements of 5G. (7)

5G – Fifth Generation:

5G is a generation currently under development, that’s designed to improve on 4G. 5G promises significantly high-speed data rates, higher connection density, very lower latency, among other improvements. Some of the plans for 5G include better battery consumption, device-to-device communication, and improved overall wireless coverage. The max speed of 5G is proposed at being as fast as 35.46 Gbps, which is over 35 times faster than 4G. (8)

Key technologies to look out for 5G: Massive MIMO, Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications, etc. Massive MIMO, millimeter wave, small cells, Li-Fi all the new technologies from the early decade could be used to give 10Gb/s to a user, with an imaginary low latency, and enable connections for at least 100 billion devices.

Different calculations have been made for the date of commercial introduction of 5G networks. Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance believes that 5G should be rolled out by 2020 to meet business and consumer demands. (9)

Comparison of G’s:

Each of these wireless networks has its unique importance in a particular field. Nowadays, Mobile has turned out to be a very important part of everyone’s life. The arrival of G’s has made a great turn in the field of telecommunication, but with some unending problems such as bad connectivity, poor coverage, less quality of the service and flexibility has made the entry and implementation of 5G in the upcoming years.

It is believed that it will take the wireless and telecommunication to an entirely newer level. It is going to implement various new features and services. All-IP framework and high data rates have been the basic improvements in the newer mobile network generations. (10)

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